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The Turkish Republic founded in 1923 was the second republic in the history of Turkey. It was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk after he led his armies to victory against the forces of the empire on 29th April 1919. The Turkish Republic is considered, along with France and Israel, as one of the three Western democracies that followed. The constitution established by Ataturk became important for national affairs for its political legacy and has been applied in different parts of the world since then. The Republic of Turkey is considered one of the pillars of the Western world and later, the Authoritarian Republic period which lasted for over thirty years (1923-1945) caused a great change in all aspects including economy and culture, politics and social values. The Law No. 6532 dated July 22, 1928 on Family Names and Surnames published in the Official Gazette on July 30, 1928 was a result of these changes. It regulates the family names and last names in Turkey. The regulation is based on traditions and cultures of Turkish tribes from Anatolia since time immemorial up until then. The regulation came into force on October 1, 1928. It was put in the Civil Law Book No. 7209 and in the Criminal Law Book No. 10791 effective on June 21, 1929. The regulation was revised by the Articles 4 and 13 of the law numbered 6356 dated November 3, 1934 published in Official Journal dated November 9, 1934 and then amended by Article 91 of the law numbered 3754 dated December 8, 1958 published in Official Gazette on December 11, 1958. The regulation was amended by the Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Law numbered 4055 dated April 12, 1983 published in Official Journal on April 14, 1983. This list is not complete. However, it includes most of the last names used currently in Turkey. On January 1 2006 there were 76.1 million inhabitants living in Turkey. The population is increasing at a rate of approximately 1.5 million people every year so new last names are being used constantly. Turkish names are rooted in Turkic traditions where family name precedes the given name ("i.e." family name-given name). Although in modern usage there is no problem with assuming or leaving out either one, keeping the Turkish tradition, the family name is the last part of the name followed by given name. Using this rule, it is possible to derive a last name from any given name. For example, someone named "Mustafa" may have "Koç" or "Köse" as his family surname. The highest court of Turkish Republic in 2006 ruled that in certain cases surnames alone were not enough to identify individuals in official records, in this case for inheritance purposes (e.g., when no identification documents are left). The court ordered that people should give their first names along with their family names when needed (e.g., using nickname). cfa1e77820
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